Duchies of Poland

The Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty, also known as the last will and testament of Piast duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland, established rules for the governance of the Polish kingdom by his four surviving sons after his death. Bolesław intended for this testament to prevent his heirs from fighting amongst themselves and to preserve the unity of his lands under the Piast dynasty. However, shortly after his death, his sons engaged in conflict, leading Poland into a period of fragmentation that lasted approximately 200 years.