Overview
Livonian (Livonian: līvõ kēļ or rāndakēļ) is a Finnic language that originated on the Livonian Coast of the Gulf of Riga, located in the north of the Kurzeme peninsula in Latvia but also used to be spoken in the Salaca River valley. Although its last known native speaker died in 2013, a child, Kuldi Medne, born in 2020, is reported to be a native speaker of Livonian. Her parents are Livonian language revival activists Jānis Mednis and Renāte Medne. Also, there are about 40 reported L2 speakers and 210 having reported some knowledge of the language. Possibly uniquely among the Uralic languages but similarly to Latvian and Lithuanian, Livonian has been described as a pitch-accent language (or restricted tone language.
Historical Periods
Livonian Conference (1422–1511)
1422 CE – 1511 CE
Area: 116,398 km²
Livonian Conference (1512–1518)
1512 CE – 1518 CE
Area: 116,558 km²
Livonian Conference (1519–1555)
1519 CE – 1555 CE
Area: 116,453 km²
Livonian Conference (1556–1563)
1556 CE – 1563 CE
Area: 116,453 km²