Cuman-Kipchak Confederation

The Cuman-Kipchak Confederation, also known as Cumania, was a Turkic confederation that existed in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe between the 10th and 13th centuries, specifically from its founding around 1000 CE until its dissolution in 1241 CE. This tribal confederation was dominated by two nomadic Turkic tribes: the Cumans and the Kipchaks. It was known in Islamic sources as Dasht-i Qipchaq, meaning "Steppe of the Kipchaks," and in Russian sources as the "Polovtsian Steppe." The region was characterized by its flat, treeless, green, and grassy plains, with inhabitants largely subsisting on pasturage.