Emirate of Afghanistan

The Emirate of Afghanistan was a monarchy in Central Asia that existed from 1823 to 1926. Emerging from the Durrani Empire, it encompassed present-day Afghanistan and parts of Iran, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Its history was significantly shaped by the "Great Game" rivalry between the Russian and British Empires, leading to European influence and several Anglo-Afghan Wars. While the First Anglo-Afghan War resulted in an Afghan victory, the Second led to the Treaty of Gandamak, granting Britain control over some Afghan territories and foreign affairs. Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War, the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 secured full Afghan autonomy. In 1926, the Emirate was reformed into the Kingdom of Afghanistan.