French Indochina

French Indochina, officially known as the Indochinese Union and later the Indochinese Federation, was a federal state of French dependent territories in Southeast Asia. Established in 1887, it initially functioned as a federation of French colonies until 1949, then as a confederation of French associated states until its dissolution in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos, Guangzhouwan, Cochinchina, and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin and Annam. Its capitals were Saigon (1887–1902, 1945–1954) and Hanoi (1902–1945). The union was formed by consolidating French colonies and protectorates, including Cochinchina and Cambodia, and later incorporated Laos and Guangzhouwan.