Overview
The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen). It assumed the name Hesse and by Rhine in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from the neighbouring Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. Colloquially, the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt seceded from the Holy Roman Empire and joined Napoleon's new Confederation of the Rhine. The country was promoted to the status of grand duchy and.
Historical Periods
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1806–1806)
1806 CE – 1806 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 19,951 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1807–1808)
1807 CE – 1808 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 8,507 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1809–1810)
1809 CE – 1810 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 8,572 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1811–1813)
1811 CE – 1813 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 8,417 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1814–1814)
1814 CE – 1814 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 8,395 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1815–1819)
1815 CE – 1819 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 8,439 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1820–1865)
1820 CE – 1865 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 10,529 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1868–1869)
1868 CE – 1869 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 9,320 km²
Grand Duchy of Hesse (1870–1870)
1870 CE – 1870 CE
Capital: DarmstadtArea: 7,804 km²