Overview
The Sokoto Caliphate (Arabic: دولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان, literally: Caliphate in the Lands of Sudan), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa. It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Fulani War. The boundaries of the caliphate extended to parts of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria. By 1837, the Caliphate had a population of 10–20 million people, becoming the most populous empire in West Africa. It was dissolved when the British, French, and Germans conquered the area in 1903 and annexed it into the newly established Northern Nigeria Protectorate, Senegambia and Niger and Kamerun (the latter during.
Historical Periods
Sokoto Caliphate (1805–1808)
1805 CE – 1808 CE
Area: 478,865 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1809–1819)
1809 CE – 1819 CE
Area: 614,874 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1820–1833)
1820 CE – 1833 CE
Area: 630,331 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1834–1835)
1834 CE – 1835 CE
Area: 792,707 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1836–1839)
1836 CE – 1839 CE
Area: 798,856 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1840–1894)
1840 CE – 1894 CE
Area: 792,707 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1895–1899)
1895 CE – 1899 CE
Area: 794,625 km²
Sokoto Caliphate (1900–1904)
1900 CE – 1904 CE
Area: 792,529 km²