Explore Entities

South Sudan

2011 CE — ?

Landlocked East African country. Capital: Juba. The world's youngest nation, gaining independence from Sudan in 2011.

Curaçao

2010 CE — ?

Caribbean island territory of the Netherlands.

Kosovo

2008 CE — ?

Partially recognized state in Southeastern Europe. Capital: Pristina. Declared independence from Serbia in 2008.

Gaza/Hamas

قطاع غزة

2007 CE — 2024 CE

The Gaza Strip under Hamas refers to the political situation in the Palestinian territory of Gaza since Hamas's takeover on June 14, 2007. Hamas began governing the Gaza Strip after taking control from the Fatah-controlled Palestinian Authority (PA), following the collapse of a national unity government formed after Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. This led to Hamas ruling Gaza as an effectively separate administration from the PA, which became limited to the West Bank. Since assuming control, Hamas has engaged in multiple conflicts with Israel. The group lost control over most of the Gaza Strip to the Israel Defense Forces during the Gaza war.

Montenegro

2006 CE — ?

Southeastern European country on the Adriatic Sea. Capital: Podgorica. Known for its medieval villages, dramatic coastline, and the Bay of Kotor.

Serbia

2006 CE — ?

Landlocked Southeastern European country. Capital: Belgrade. Located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe.

Serbia-Montenegro

Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора

2003 CE — 2006 CE

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (often shortened to Serbia and Montenegro), known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and commonly referred to as Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia). The state was established on 27 April 1992 as a federation comprising the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. In February 2003, it was transformed from a federal republic to a political union until Montenegro seceded from the union in June 2006, leading to the full independence of both Serbia and Montenegro. Its aspirations to be the sole legal successor state.

Timor-Leste

2002 CE — ?

Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and the islands of Atauro and Jaco, for a total land area of 14,950 square kilometres (5,770 sq mi). Timor-Leste shares a land border with Indonesia to the west; Australia is the country's southern neighbour, across the Timor Sea. Dili, on the north coast of Timor, is its capital and largest city. Timor was settled over time by various Papuan and Austronesian peoples, which created a diverse mix of cultures and languages linked to Southeast Asia and Melanesia. East Timor came under Portuguese.

British Overseas Territories

2000 CE — 2024 CE

The British Overseas Territories are fourteen dependent territories of the United Kingdom, located outside the British Islands. These territories are remnants of the former British Empire, remaining under British sovereignty after decolonisation, and have varying constitutional statuses. While permanently inhabited territories exercise degrees of internal self-governance, the UK maintains ultimate constitutional oversight and authority over defence, foreign relations, and internal security. All fourteen territories recognize the British monarch as head of state, with oversight primarily from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Their total land area is 18,015 km2.

Palau

Republic of Palau

1994 CE — 2024 CE

Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands, while the eastern and central parts make up the Federated States of Micronesia. It has a total area of 466 square kilometers (180 sq mi), making it the sixteenth smallest country in the world. The most populous island is Koror, home to the country's most populous city of the same name. The capital, Ngerulmud, is located on the largest island of Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with international waters to the north, the Federated States of Micronesia.

Taliban

طالبان

1994 CE — 2005 CE

The Taliban, officially known as the Islamic Movement of Taliban, also referring to themselves by their state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan political and militant organization with an ideology comprising elements of the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism and Pashtun nationalism. It ruled approximately 90% of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, before it was overthrown by an American-led invasion after the September 11 attacks carried out by the Taliban's ally al-Qaeda. Following a 20-year insurgency and the departure of coalition forces, the Taliban recaptured Kabul in August 2021, overthrowing the Islamic Republic, and now controls all of Afghanistan. The Taliban has been condemned for restricting human rights, including women's rights to work and have an education.

State of Eritrea

إرترة

1993 CE — 2024 CE

Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. Its capital and largest city is Asmara. The country is bordered by Ethiopia to the south, Sudan to the west, and Djibouti to the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The country has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Hominid remains found in Eritrea have been dated to 1 million years old and anthropological research indicates that the area may contain significant records related to human evolution. The Kingdom of Aksum, centred in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia.

Czech Republic

1993 CE — ?

Central European landlocked country. Capital: Prague. Known for its ornate castles, beer-brewing tradition, and rich Bohemian cultural heritage.

Slovakia

1993 CE — ?

Central European landlocked country. Capital: Bratislava. Known for its mountainous terrain, medieval castles, and folk traditions.

Chechen Republic

Нохчийчоь

1993 CE — 2005 CE

The Chechen Republic, also known as Chechnya, is a republic within Russia, located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, between the Caspian and Black Seas. Founded on January 9, 1993, it forms part of the North Caucasian Federal District. After the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Checheno-Ingush ASSR split, with the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria declaring independence, leading to the First Chechen War (1994–1996) and de facto independence. Russian federal control was restored following the Second Chechen War (1999–2009). With Grozny as its capital, Chechnya covers 17,500 square kilometers and had over 1.5 million residents in 2021, predominantly ethnic Chechens.

Russian-occupied territories

1992 CE — 2024 CE

The Russian Federation is currently occupying territories in whole or in part within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine. Although the status of these territories may vary in Russian law, they are all widely regarded among the international community as being under military occupation in contravention to the international law. Russia disputes the consensus on sovereignty over these territories as a result of the post-Soviet conflicts, which broke out amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991. The phrase "Russian-occupied territories" is applied to: Moldova: Transnistria (since 1992) Georgia: Abkhazia and South Ossetia (since 2008) Ukraine: Crimea and Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson (since 2014 and 2022)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1992 CE — ?

Southeastern European country on the Balkan Peninsula. Capital: Sarajevo. Known for medieval bridges, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian architecture.

Russian Federation

Российская Федерация

1991 CE — ?

The Russian Federation succeeded the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. The largest country in the world by area.

Kazakhstan

1991 CE — ?

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country situated primarily in Central Asia, with a portion of its territory extending into Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, and it has a coastline along the Caspian Sea. The capital is Astana and the country's largest city and principal cultural and economic center is Almaty, which served as the capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest country by land area and the largest landlocked country. Hilly plateaus and plains account for nearly half its vast territory, with lowlands composing another third; its southern and eastern frontiers are composed.

Republic of Tajikistan

Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон

1991 CE — ?

Tajikistan declared independence on September 9, 1991.

Republic of Uzbekistan

Oʻzbekiston

1991 CE — 2024 CE

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia. It is surrounded by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Tajikistan to the southeast, Afghanistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, making it one of only two doubly landlocked countries on Earth, the other being Liechtenstein. The country has a population of more than 38.2 million, making it the most populous country in Central Asia. Uzbekistan is a member of the Organization of Turkic States. Uzbek, spoken by the Uzbek people, is the official language and is spoken by the majority of its inhabitants, while Russian and Tajik are significant minority languages. Islam is the predominant religion, and most.

Kyrgyzstan

Кыргызстан

1991 CE — 2024 CE

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, formerly known as Kirghizia, is a landlocked country in the eastern regions of Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east and southeast. Kyrgyzstan's capital and largest city is Bishkek which lies on the northern border with Kazakhstan. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's over 7.4 million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. Kyrgyzstan's history spans a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several civilizations as part of the Silk Road.

Turkmenistan

Türkmenistan Respublikasi

1991 CE — 2024 CE

Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. It is one of six independent Turkic states. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. With over 7 million people, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations located on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also.

Somaliland

1991 CE — ?

Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is a partially recognised state in the Horn of Africa. It is located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east. Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), with approximately 6.2 million people as of 2024. The capital and largest city is Hargeisa. Various Somali Muslim kingdoms were established in the area during the early Islamic period, including in the 14th to 15th centuries the Zeila-based Adal Sultanate. In the early modern period, successor states to the Adal Sultanate emerged, including the Isaaq Sultanate, which was established in the.

Republic of Slovenia

Slovenija

1991 CE — 2024 CE

Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, and Croatia to the south and southeast; its southwestern boundary consists of a 46.6-kilometre (29.0 mi) coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 2.1 million people. Slovene is the official language. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country. Other larger urban centers include Maribor, Ptuj, Kranj, Celje, and Koper..

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Република Северна Македонија

1991 CE — 2024 CE

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Serbia. The capital and largest city is Skopje, home to a quarter of its over 1.83 million residents. The majority are ethnic Macedonians, with Albanians forming a significant minority. The region's history includes rule by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Kingdom of Macedonia, the Roman Republic, and the Byzantine Empire. It was part of the Ottoman Empire from the mid-14th to the early 20th century, then under Serbian and Bulgarian rule at various times. It became a constituent state of communist Yugoslavia in 1945 and peacefully seceded in 1991, joining the United Nations in 1993.

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

Azərbaycan Respublikası

1991 CE — 1919 CE

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental landlocked country at the boundary of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Turkey, via the exclave of Nakhchivan, and Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city. The territory of what is now Azerbaijan was ruled first by Caucasian Albania and later by various Persian empires. Until the 19th century, it remained part of Qajar Iran, but the Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 forced the Qajar Empire to cede its Caucasian territories to.

Slovenia

1991 CE — ?

Central European country. Capital: Ljubljana. A small Alpine nation at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin, and Slavic cultures.

Estonia

1991 CE — ?

Baltic state in Northern Europe. Capital: Tallinn. Known as one of the most digitally advanced societies in the world.

Georgia

1991 CE — ?

Country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia in the Caucasus region. Capital: Tbilisi. Known for its ancient winemaking tradition dating back 8,000 years.

Lithuania

1991 CE — ?

Baltic state in Northern Europe. Capital: Vilnius. The last European country to convert to Christianity (1387), with a rich medieval history.

Latvia

1991 CE — ?

Baltic state in Northern Europe. Capital: Riga. Known for its Art Nouveau architecture and wide beaches along the Baltic Sea.

State of Kuwait

الكويت

1991 CE — 1989 CE

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia. With a coastline of approximately 500 km (311 mi), it is situated at the head of the Persian Gulf in the northeastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula, bordering Iraq to the north and Saudi Arabia to the south. Kuwait is geographically the closest Gulf country to mainland Iran (separated only by a small Iraqi coastline). The country is a small city-state; most of the population reside in the urban agglomeration of Kuwait City, the capital and largest city. As of 2024, Kuwait has a population of 4.82 million, of which 1.53 million are Kuwaiti citizens while the remaining 3.29 million are foreign nationals from over 100 countries. In.

Armenia

1991 CE — ?

Landlocked country in the South Caucasus. Capital: Yerevan. One of the oldest civilizations in the world, the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301 CE.

Belarus

1991 CE — ?

Eastern European landlocked country. Capital: Minsk. Known for its vast forests, Soviet-era architecture, and position between Russia and the European Union.

Ukraine

1991 CE — ?

Eastern European country. Capital: Kyiv. The largest country entirely in Europe, known for its fertile black soil (the 'breadbasket of Europe').

Azerbaijan

1991 CE — ?

Country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Capital: Baku. Located on the Caspian Sea coast, rich in oil reserves, blending Turkic and Persian cultural influences.

Moldova

1991 CE — ?

Eastern European landlocked country. Capital: Chișinău. Smallest post-Soviet state, known for its wine regions and Orthodox monasteries.

Croatia

1991 CE — ?

Southeastern European country on the Adriatic Sea. Capital: Zagreb. Known for its stunning coastline with over 1,000 islands and medieval old towns.

North Macedonia

1991 CE — ?

Landlocked Southeastern European country. Capital: Skopje. Named after the ancient kingdom of Macedon, with a blend of Ottoman and Byzantine heritage.

Yemen

1990 CE — ?

Country at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Capital: Sana'a, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Namibia

1990 CE — ?

Southwestern African country on the Atlantic coast. Capital: Windhoek. Known for the Namib Desert (one of the oldest deserts in the world) and diverse wildlife.

Palestine

1988 CE — ?

Territory in Western Asia. Comprises the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Capital: Ramallah (administrative). A region with deep historical and religious significance.

Mujahideen

1987 CE — 2024 CE

Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah). The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.

Micronesia

1987 CE — 2024 CE

Micronesia (UK: , US: ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: Maritime Southeast Asia to the west, Polynesia to the east, and Melanesia to the south—as well as with the wider community of Austronesian peoples. The region has a tropical marine climate and is part of the Oceanian realm. It includes four main archipelagos—the Caroline Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Marshall Islands — as well as numerous islands that are not part of any archipelago. Political control of areas within Micronesia varies depending on the island, and is distributed among six sovereign nations. Some.

Aruba

1986 CE — ?

Caribbean island territory of the Netherlands.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

1983 CE — 2024 CE

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state comprising the northern third of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, with the international community considering it territory of the Republic of Cyprus under Turkish military occupation. It extends from Cape Apostolos Andreas (the tip of the Karpass Peninsula) in the northeast to Morphou Bay in the northwest, with Cape Kormakitis at its westernmost point and the Kokkina exclave west of the mainland. A buffer zone controlled by the UN forms a barrier between both sides of the island and runs through Nicosia, the island's largest city and the capital of both sides. After gaining independence from the United Kingdom in.

St. Kitts and Nevis

1983 CE — ?

Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher (St. Kitts) and Nevis, is an island country located in the Caribbean consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles. With 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) of territory, and roughly 48,000 inhabitants, it is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population, as well as the world's smallest sovereign federation. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with Charles III as king and head of state. The capital city is Basseterre, located on the larger island of Saint Kitts. Basseterre is also the main port for passenger entry (via cruise ships) and cargo. The.

Antigua and Barbuda

1981 CE — 2024 CE

Antigua and Barbuda is an island sovereign state in the Caribbean Sea, an archipelagic country composed of Antigua, Barbuda, and numerous other small islands. Founded on November 1, 1981, it is one of the smallest countries in the Caribbean, with a total area of 440 km2. The country is mostly flat, with its most populated city being St. John's, which is also its capital. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Caribbean Sea on the west, Antigua and Barbuda has a tropical savanna climate. Hunter-gatherers settled the islands around 3000 BC, followed by the Arawaks. The first successful British colony was established in 1632.

Antigua and Barb.

1981 CE — ?